Housing and environmental issues Essay

Network improvement official: CDOs ought to have: †¢ the capacity to speak with a wide scope of individuals †¢ the capacity to deal with a financial plan †¢ affectability in managing multi-social issues, for example, religion †¢ organizing aptitudes and a decent memory for names and faces †¢ the capacity to chip away at their own drive †¢ Commitment to social incorporation issues. CDOs may work for a nearby position; he should likewise include open choice in multi social networks housed by the affiliations. Open contribution in recovery is generally held to be something to be thankful for. There are not many who expound on or remark on recovery, anyway it is characterized who don't guarantee that open inclusion is a significant if not fundamental segment of viable and effective recovery. What's more, by and large this has been the situation in the UK and somewhere else for well longer than a century. Nonetheless, there are not many examinations that have embarked to gauge and to break down the effect of open inclusion. At the end of the day, not many analysts have endeavored to perceive what improvement it makes by and by to include people in general and whether any such contrasts are sure, in the feeling of being both envisioned and wanted. There are, all things considered, numerous investigations that shed some light on the procedures of open inclusion and reach inferences about its effect in explicit cases. The finish of a large number of these examinations is that open contribution didn't work very well by and by: it was set out upon past the point of no return; inadequate assets were given to make it viable; the nearby condition was not favorable; and key choices kept on being taken by individuals not living in the territories influenced. The significance of including people in general in endeavors to improve and recover neighborhoods has been perceived for a long time. Be that as it may, the accord around the worth and expected advantages of more prominent open association has most likely never been more grounded, not least since government has put it at the focal point of its arrangements to modernize both the conveyance of open administrations and the very procedures of government. A basic hypothesis of open interest The political objectives driving forward the plan of open cooperation are settled, however three stand apart at present. First is the conviction that investment is characteristically acceptable and advantageous, and henceforth more interest is attractive. Second is the developing affirmation that many significant arrangement issues don't give off an impression of being equipped for clear goals †they can be named ‘wicked problems’ hence (Rittel and Weber, 1973). An undeniable result of this acknowledgment is to adopt a progressively open strategy to their goals, at the end of the day to permit a more extensive scope of accomplices into the field of strategy discussion and henceforth to share the weight of goals. At long last, there is an unmistakable conviction that more prominent cooperation is expected to stem if not opposite the clear decrease in social capital outlined by Putnam (2001) and his supporters (see DeFilipis, 2001). A somewhat more extensive arrangement of components can be gotten from the more extensive scholastic writing where at any rate four unmistakable clarifications of or avocation for more prominent open cooperation in government by and large are obvious. Instrumentalist originations point to the way that people are the best adjudicators of their own advantages and consequently by partaking in strategy discusses and political conversations they are best ready to lucid and propel these interests. The activity of government at that point lies in the total of individual interests and the adjusting of clashing situations into a conceivable open intrigue. Communitarian originations adopt an alternate strategy and supporter an increasingly group or social methodology among the taking an interest open, with the end goal that an arranged perspective on the open intrigue is given to instead of by government. Obviously government may then need to perform further adjusts of accumulation or even encourage further adjusts of arrangement or agreement building, however the open has an increasingly unmistakable impact in the social development of their own concept of open intrigue. In this origination there is some level of collection yet government is still left to total, arbitrate or accommodate the perhaps clashing perspectives on various networks or even alliances of networks. Educative methodologies recommend that open interest helps in building up a progressively modern comprehension of the complexities of strategy issues; of the moral situations and the need to make exchange offs for instance among cost and quality or between the accomplishment of short and long haul needs. At last, expressive originations of cooperation accentuate the open door that political support offers people to communicate their political character. Through dynamic crusading, showing banners, going to mobilizes, giving cash or time, one can exhibit to the world everywhere that reality that one is a women's activist, a communist, a moderate, a patriot, etc. It is obviously significant additionally to hold up under as a primary concern that political support can include substantially more than casting a ballot in occasional races, or in any event, crusading in them. Going to gatherings about issues of nearby or universal concern and partaking in participatory occasions, for example, juries, agreement meetings or residents juries are likewise significant as is support in continuous crusades or anterooms, again from neighborhood (spare our school) to worldwide (spare our planet) issues. There is something of a conundrum here, in that there is ample information accessible on formal political contribution in casting a ballot, yet moderately minimal accessible on the more dull however by and by noteworthy ordinary demonstrations of association, for example, going to gatherings or just captivating socially and perhaps politically with ones neighbors (Hoggett and Bishop, 1986). As of late some customary and broad reviews have started to give significant information of this sort, yet it is as yet the case that many refined models of network commitment, community restoration and social capital, have been developed on unstable experimental establishments (Prime, Zimmeck and Zurawa, 2002). Be that as it may, to build up a basic model of support we have to consider in some more detail inquiries along every one of the three principle measurements inferred in the articulation: open investment in arranging or strategy making. Robert D. Putnam That Western culture has changed significantly since the center of the twentieth century. There is less understanding about what caused the changes, and whether they have been gainful. One gauge of progress in Western culture is the degree of ‘social capital’ (an idea advocated by Robert D. Putnam), which results from elevated levels of speculation by residents in their locale. Putnam’s examination of American culture, Bowling Alone (2000), thinks about the full scope of changes influencing America (and every single western culture): declining cooperation in institutional Christianity; less inclusion in sport and recreational clubs, governmental issues, admirable missions, and humanitarian effort; and an extreme re-forming of the family however separate, a lower birth rate, and a hesitance to wed by any stretch of the imagination. These patterns, Putnam contends, bring about reduced social capital. Putnam’s investigation of America holds for the three Anglophone individuals from George W. Bush’s ‘coalition of the willing,’ America, Britain and Australia, and may clarify why hawkish, traditional governments are the people’s decision toward the beginning of the 21st century, regardless of an uncommon charity and comprehensiveness during the time half of the twentieth century. Putnam noticed a scope of variables answerable for metro withdrawal: rural spread; the fame of TV and electronic media; changed work designs, including the enormous scope passage of ladies into the workforce; and generational changes bringing about the ‘replacement of a bizarrely municipal age by a few ages [Baby Boomers, Generations X and Y] †¦ that are less implanted in network life’ (p. 275). In the United States, where casting a ballot is discretionary, these improvements weaken popular government, and social orders with low support rates will in general become skeptical. Untrusting residents call for harder; ‘law and order’ centered governments, bringing about the appointment of progressively traditional ideological groups. Social capital: 1. Definition The idea and hypothesis of social capital goes back to the roots of sociology; nonetheless, late grant has concentrated on social capital as a subject of social association and a likely wellspring of significant worth that can be tackled and changed over for vital and beneficial purposes. As indicated by Robert David Putnam, the focal reason of social capital is that informal organizations have esteem. Social capital alludes to the aggregate estimation of all â€Å"social networks† and the tendencies that emerge from these systems to get things done for one another. Social capital alludes to the establishments, connections, and standards that shape the quality and amount of a society’s social communications. Expanding proof shows that social union is basic for social orders to thrive monetarily and for advancement to be practical. Social capital isn't only the total of the establishments that support a general public; the paste holds them together Be that as it may, social capital may not generally be gainful. Even systems of individual residents and gatherings that upgrade network profitability and attachment are supposed to be sure social capital resources while self-serving selective packs and various leveled support frameworks that work experiencing some miscommunication to communitarian interests can be thought of as negative social capital weights on society. 2. History of the exploration on the idea Robert David Putnam, if not the first to compose on the issue, is considered as the significant creator on the idea of soci

A Compare and Contrast of the New Product Development Model Essay

New item improvements are one of the fundamental wellsprings of upper hand for organizations today. Organizations need new item to stay aware of its’ contenders. New item advancement can be considered as exercises that expect to offer new items for sale to the public. The goal of NPD is to limit the danger of disappointment. As NPD assimilates both budgetary and HR from an organization, it is thusly important to create and actualize a strategy for aiding the presentation of new items. NPD models can assist with recognizing issues at a beginning period and help with coordinating the NPD exertion the correct way. It very well may be utilized as a guide and gives a sign of greatness of the task required so as to create and dispatch another item. It likewise assists with lessening danger and vulnerability at each phase by giving direction in regards to what data is required. A case of notable model is Booz, Allen, and Hamilton Model (1982). It has been contended that pass-the-bundle way to deal with NPD may expand the general improvement time. Anyway in later models, center has been given to resemble handling. The following area makes reference to around three model of NPD. Cooper’s stage-door model A phase entryway model (Cooper, 1988) is improved from BAH model. The stage-door model endeavors to defeat pass-the-package issues which don't reasonable for imparting the even element of the NPD procedure. The stage-door model uses equal preparing to recognize the cycles between and inside stages. Parallel handling prompts that significant capacities ought to be included from the beginning periods of the NPD procedure to its decision. This permits issues to be distinguished and explained a lot sooner than in the exemplary models. Dividing the new item improvement process into particular stages or stages is equivalent to BAH model, however in the stage door model the stages are all the more plainly isolated from one another with the board choice entryways. Notwithstanding the revelation entryway, the model comprises of five activity stage: checking, manufacture business case, improvement, testing and approval, and dispatch. Stages are cross utilitarian and every movement is embraced in corresponding to improve speed to showcase. To oversee hazard, the equal exercises in a specific stage must be intended to assemble fundamental data †specialized, showcase, monetary, activities †so as to drive down the specialized and business chance. Each progressive stage is likewise more exorbitant than past stage. The thought is to permit an expansion in spending on the improvement of activities as the vulnerability goes down. Going before each stage is a choice point or entryway which fills in as a go/execute and prioritization choice point. The upsides of the stage-door are following: Well composed development can be a wellspring of upper hand. - Accelerated item improvement. Vital in view of shortening item life cycles. - Increased achievement possibility of new items. Forestalls poor activities early and assists with diverting them - Integrated market direction. Numerous merged model The different focalized model (Baker and Hart, 1994) follows equal handling †like the stage-entryway model †which permits cycles among members inside stages. In any case, there are two issues with equal handling. To begin with, it overlooks the significant contributions to NPD that are given by clients and providers. Second, on the off chance that capacities are to work in equal, at that point when do the procedures take choices and proceed onward to the following stage? The numerous joined model conquers the issue by utilizing united point, where is characterized as â€Å"to move or cause to move towards the equivalent point† or to â€Å"tend towards as regular end or result†. The model assesses the practically unmistakable undertakings which must be completed at the same time at explicit focuses all through the NPD procedure and that the outcomes must meet. What's more, because of cycles in the procedures, this intermingling is probably going to happen a few times. As the procedure moves starting with one stage then onto the next, the data assembled turns out to be progressively exact and solid and the choices are made with more noteworthy sureness. This model is along these lines beneficial over the stage-door in that the system can undoubtedly suit outsiders, gives components to genuine joining all through the procedure among various capacities set in the focalized focuses and fit into the most fitting NPD structures for the organization. System model The various focalized model neglects to feature the significance of â€Å"inter-authoritative collaboration† in a firm’s organize. Systems in NPD could and ought to be considered at two unique levels: outside and interior level. Furthermore, it ought to be understood that the working of the interior systems legitimately impacts the productivity and viability of the outside system. As indicated by the system model (Trott, 1998), the turn of events and the executives of information is one of the most significant qualities of the new item advancement. It speaks to the procedure of collection of information traverse diverse inner capacities, through which both inward and outer information is coordinated all the while. Four distinctive inside capacities are identified with new item advancement: promoting and deals, account, building and assembling, and innovative work. Diverse outer information sources, for example, contenders, providers, accomplices, clients, college divisions, etc are likewise introduced. Decision NPD is a procedure of changing business opportunity into substantial items. So as to diminish dangers of disappointment related with building up another item, numerous models have been created to aid NPD exercises. These models have developed from the basic direct models to the more perplexing system models. What's more, all together for engineers of new items to be effective, they should think about the basic achievement factors in NPD.

Blog Archive Mission Admission A Priori Research

Blog Archive Mission Admission A Priori Research Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. As you learn about your target MBA programs, you should be aware that browsing a school’s website is only the first step in your research and certainly not your last. Depending on the school, their website may give you a basic understanding of their offerings. However, there is no substitute for a priori research which gives you a sense of the depth of a school’s character and allows you to go beyond the superficialities of the website. Of course, campus visits are vital and thus MBA Admissions Committee members encourage candidates to visit and the Admissions Committee even weighs  them in, certain cases, in  some decisions. Still, if you are unable to make the trip to campus, there are other  steps you can take to familiarize yourself with your target schools: Off-Campus Events: If the MBA Tour, World MBA Tour, Consortium for Graduate Study in Management or Forte Foundation host  events in your area or nearby, you should definitely seize the opportunity to meet with and “interview” the many Admissions Committee members and alumni at these events. (While you should not interrogate the Committee Members, this is can be a valuable opportunity to ask questions and learn about each school’s differentiators.) Alumni and Student Outreach: MBA networks are vast, so, even if you do not know students or alumni from a particular school, one will likely be a part of your network, through work or your community of friends. Generally, students and alumni are engaging, so if you tap into one individual, you should not be shy about asking to speak with colleagues or friends. School sponsored programs: If you have no MBAs in your network, many schools  have “ambassadorial” programs whereby you can call the school and ask to speak with students or alumni. Even some who don’t have official programs are happy to facilitate on a prospective student’s behalf. Admissions Committee, Faculty and Student Blogs: The blogging phenomena has been embraced by business schools; several Admissions Committees and Deans host their own blogs. Further, beyond the “sanctioned” blogs, many students run their own. These resources can give you an intimate and dynamic understanding of a school’s environment. Student Message Boards: Whether you are logging onto BusinessWeek, Manhattan GMAT, Pagalguy, the Wharton S2S Message Boards or any other online community of prospective students, student message boards can be a great way to learn about programs and network with other aspirants. However, because these boards are anonymous, their content should be read with a critical eye. By seizing several of the resources above, you should be able to truly experience your target schools and create your connection via your essays and interview a vital step in gaining that coveted letter of acceptance. Share ThisTweet Blogroll Mission Admission

What Is a Collective Noun Definition and Examples

A collective noun is a noun—such as team, committee, jury, squad, orchestra, crowd, audience,  and  family—that refers to a group of individuals. It is also known as a group noun. In American English, collective nouns usually take singular verb forms. Collective nouns can be replaced by both singular and plural pronouns, depending on their meaning. Examples and Observations In the following examples, the collective noun or nouns are listed in italics. The family is one of natures masterpieces. Nouns such as committee, family, government, jury, and squad take a singular verb or pronoun when thought of as a single unit, but a plural verb or pronoun when thought of as a collection of individuals: The committee gave its unanimous approval to the plans.The committee enjoyed biscuits with their tea. It is possible for singular collective nouns to be followed either by a singular or a plural verb form (see number): The audience was delighted with the performance.The audience were delighted with the performance. Colorful Collective Nouns Many noncount nouns have an equivalent countable expression using such words as piece or bit (partitive or collective nouns) followed by of: Luck: a piece of luckGrass: a blade of grassBread: a loaf of bread Venereal Nouns Venereal noun: A noun denoting a collection of persons or things regarded as a unit, defining them through word play... Nouns of Multitude The notion of collective nouns dates back centuries. Willam Cobbet noted in 1818: Nouns of number, or multitudes, such as Mob, Parliament, Rabble, House of Commons, Regiment, Court of Kings Bench, Den of Thieves, and the like, may have Pronouns agreeing with them either in the singular or in the plural number; for we may, for instance, say of the House of Commons, They refused to hear evidence against Castlereagh when Mr. Maddox accused him of having sold a seat; or, It refused to hear evidence. But, we must be uniform in our use of the Pronoun in this respect. We must not, in the same sentence, and applicable to the same noun, use the singular in one part of the sentence and the plural in another part....There are persons who pretend to make very nice distinctions as to the cases when these nouns of multitude ought to take the singular, and when they ought to take the plural, Pronoun; but these distinctions are too nice to be of any real use. The rule is this; that nouns of multitude may take either the singular or the plural, Pronoun; but not both in the same se ntence. The Lighter Side of Collective Nouns Collective nouns can also add humor to any written piece. [C]ollective-noun inventing is a game that continues today. The aim is to find a word which puns on the meaning of the plural entity. Here are 21 of the best from my own collection: An absence of waitersA rash of dermatologistsA shoulder of agony auntsA crop of barbersA clutch of car mechanicsA vat of chancellorsA bout of estimatesAn annoyance of mobile phonesA lot of auctioneersA bumble of beekeepersA flutter of gamblersA complex of psychiatristsA fidget of choirboysA mass of priestsA sulk of teenagersA whored of prostitutesA crash of softwareA depression of weather forecastersA mucking fuddle of spoonerisms Everyone loves to play with language. The ways of doing so have no order and no end. (David Crystal, By Hook or by Crook: A Journey in Search of English. Overlook Press, 2008) Sources Cobbet, William A. Grammar of the English Language in a Series of Letters: Intended for the Use of Schools and of Young Persons in General, but More Especially for the Use of Soldiers, Sailors, Apprentices, and Plough-Boys. 1818.Crystal, David.  The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2003Marsh,  David, Guardian Style. Guardian Books, 2007.

The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary Book Summary

The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary is an illustrated account of the making of the movie by series author. Jeff Kinney provides a behind the scenes look at the casting and making of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid movie, as well as its relationship to the Diary of a Wimpy Kid book, the first book in the series. Highlights Kinney then recounts the differing viewpoints of Hollywood executives on what the movie should be like, the initial drafts of the script and the hiring of the director. He describes the search for the perfect young actors to portray Greg and his friend Rowley and their screen test. Kinney includes sketches and essays by the young actors about the character each was to portray, which provide insight as to what they thought about their characters. Author Jeff Kinney and His Books Diary of a Wimpy KidDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick RulesDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog DaysDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly TruthDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin FeverDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Do-It-Yourself Book

Indian Removal Act Of 1830 - 923 Words

â€Å"I fought through the civil war and have seen men shot to pieces and slaughtered by thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the cruelest work I ever knew†, remarked a Georgia soldier who had participated in the removal of Indian Natives during the mid-1800’s. As a result of the Indian Removal Act, Indian natives have been perceived as mistreated and cheated throughout history. The Indian Removal Act was passed during the presidency of Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. This act granted authorization to the president to exchange unsettled lands west of Mississippi for Indian lands residing in state borders. Initially, the Indian Removal Act of 1830 was passed to expand the Southern United State for farmland and to aid the government in furthering our development as a nation. With this plan in mind, the government provided money to establish districts in the west of the Mississippi River for the Indian natives, ensured trade and exchange in those districts, allowed Nati ve Indian tribes to be compensated for the cost of their removal and the improvements of their homesteads, and also pay one years’ worth subsistence to those Native Indians who relocated to the west. However, while few Indian tribes went peacefully, majority of the tribes resisted the removal policy. Additionally, government agents were authorized to negotiate and enforce treaties. Therefore, during the fall and winter of 1838 and 1839, the Cherokee natives were removed forcibly to the west by the government. As aShow MoreRelatedThe Removal Of The Indian Removal Act Of 18301820 Words   |  8 Pagespolicy of the Government, steadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation. Two important tribes have accepted the provision made for their removal at the last session of Congress, and it is believed that their example will induce the remaining tribes also to seek the same obviou s advantages.† (Jackson, 1830) This quote from President Andrew Jackson showed the happiness of the â€Å"white settlers† ofRead MoreIndian Removal Act Of 18301155 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Indian Removal Act of 1830 The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was an act that helped aid the expansion of the United States population into the southernmost states, occupied mainly by Native Americans. The act was a long time coming, especially with President Andrew Jackson, a long-time proponent of Native American removal, at the helm. This paper explores the history leading up to the law, the introduction and passage, as well as the sometimes-tragic implementation of the Indian Removal Act of 1830Read MoreIndian Removal Act Of 1830868 Words   |  4 PagesIndian Removal Act of 1830 The Indian Removal Act was signed into law on May 28th 1930 during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Perhaps best known as the black eye of the administration and overshadowing his presidency’s accomplishments, the Indian Removal Act was passed into law to allow the president to negotiate with Indians to purchase land they occupied and offer them lands west of the Mississippi. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 could also amount to pure greed and racism, the beginning of theRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 1830940 Words   |  4 PagesThe American’s desire for expansion of their nation and economic growth has always been their main interest and goal. The Indian Removal in the 1830’s was a great example of America’s efforts to expand through North America and their motivation to economically improve through profitable opportunities. When comparing the Indian Removal and the events that followed the Treaty of Paris, a similarity in the expansion of America i s discovered. Labor, politics, and economics of America during the two erasRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 18301083 Words   |  5 Pages The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was a law passed by President Andrew Jackson that provided the funds for the removal of the Indian tribes found in South. These tribes were the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. Slave states, following the lead of Missouri who in the 1820s forced its Indian population to leave, saw the opportunity to expand their industry in the fielding of cotton by â€Å"converting Indian soil into slave soil.† That along with the finding of gold and simply the desireRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 1830892 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents are analyzing is; what are the major effects of the Indian Removal Act of 1830? The students will be given several data sets of events that occurred after the act was initiated and draw conclusions and revise their thesis statement as they go. The big idea of this lesson to have students understand the importance of the Indian Removal Act and it is essentially only the beginning of the journey that Indian tribes had to face after the act was initiated. It led to many heartbreaking events thatRead MoreIndian Removal Act Of 1830923 Words   |  4 PagesIt gives me pleasure to announce to Congress . . . the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation† (Jackson, 1830, para.1). With promises of new lands, protection, and monies, President Andrew Jackson portrays the Indian Removal Act of 1830 as beneficial to Indians, wherein governmental financial gain is incidental. However, when considering land transactions and gold discoveries, the true beneficiaries are revealed. While strengthening the States’Read MoreThe Indian Removal Act of 18301123 Words   |  5 PagesTHE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT OF 1830 Migdalia Tuero HIST101: American History to 1877 Professor Kathleen Davis February 13, 2014 There are several historical events and issues that have impacted the contemporary political development among American history. In the history of America one of these groups are the Native Americans. The white man throughout the South called for a removal of the Indian peoples. They wanted the Native Indians to be resettled to the west because their presence createdRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 18301299 Words   |  6 Pageswere many diverse, and complex views when approaching this subject matter; however, in 1830 President Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act, which forced Indians to relocate from their homelands in south east to land west of the Mississippi river. This granted the U.S. a large portion of new rich land, unfortunately it was at the expense of the Native Americans. When passing the Indian Removal Act of 1830, President Jackson relied on teleological utilitarianism ethnic views, in that he focusedRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 1830865 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the Indian Removal act of 1830 was enacted, the Cherokee Nation panicked. The Cherokee, specifically the romanticized Tsali, did their best to preserve their culture in the mountains of North Carolina, but what really saved them from their harsh fate that so many other Cherokee faced, was there white chief, William Holland Thomas. The Cherokee were â€Å"disagreeable and dangerous neighbors,† but they had a powerful ally in Raleigh, who saved the Eastern Band from a much harsher fate. The Eastern

Peoples behaviour free essay sample

‘Behaviour’ is a term defined by psychologists as an act done by an animal in response to any stimulus provided by the outside world. An assumption held by many social psychologists when attempting to explain the reasons behind the action of people’s behaviour is that we try to find certain reasons that explain our own and other people’s action towards an environmental stimulus. This is also known as the theory of attribution, ie. We often attribute a cause to certain behaviour. Different factors are accounted for when trying to provide an explanation for our own behaviour, and thus, we would also try to attribute reasons for the behaviour of other people. This essay will attempt to explain different theories of attribution as well as put forth supporting and contradicting evidence and theories in order to provide a more holistic view on how behaviour is explained. In the theory proposed by Heider (1958), he suggested that people are like ‘naive psychologists’ who are constantly trying to make sense of the social world, making a causal relationship for people’s behaviour. He suggests that human beings tend to see cause and effect even when there isn’t any. By examining and interpreting peoples’ behaviour, we try to infer intention and responsibility. When trying to explain behaviour, Heider suggests that it depends on whether we are trying to explain the behaviour of ourselves or other people. The actor-observer effect states that people are more likely to attribute behaviour of others internally, for example, we would be more likely to attribute the behaviour of other people to their personality. This is also known as dispositional attribution. However, when we try to explain our own behaviour, we are more likely to attribute them to external factors such as the environment. This is also known as situational attribution. Through Heider, these two main ideas are proposed which influenced further research such as the correspondent inference theory (Jones and Davis, 1965), the covariation model by Kelley (1967). Jones and Davis (1965) further developed the theory of attribution into what is known as the correspondent inference theory: It states that for an  observer to infer whether the action of the actor depends on dispositional attribution, the social desirability of the action is taken into account. For example, if a famous singer is found to by going to the gym often, observers will be more likely to attribute their behaviour to social desirability rather than as a dispositional aspect. However, if the behaviour is socially undesirable, i. e. smoking, observers will be more likely to attribute the behaviour to the actor’s disposition. However, it is important to note that the theory put forth by Jones and Davis may be quite nomothetic as cultural differences are not accounted for. In a study conducted by Lieberman, Jarcho Obayashi (2005) on American and East Asian participants investigating the â€Å"automatic and controlled components of attributional inference†, participants from both cultures were asked to watch a silent clip of an anxious woman and depending on the information they were given, such as the situation the woman was in, or her personality etc. The participants were then asked to attribute the behaviour of the woman. The results concluded that even though American participants and East Asian participants all show â€Å"automatic attributional habits†, East Asian participants are more likely to disregard situational constraints that are presented to them and would be more likely to say that a person’s behaviour is due to the dispositional attributions. Therefore, it seems plausible to suggest that although attributional processes are present across cultures, people from different cultures undergo a different attributing process, and thus, there is a certain need to individualize theories such as this one. Another model of attribution which originates from Heider’s attribution theory is Kelley’s (1972) covariation theory. This theory states that when an observer judges the actor’s behaviour, information is gathered across three different things: i) across consensus, ii) across distinctiveness and iii) across consistency. Consequently, this theory is different from the correspondent inference theory as Kelley assumes that people are more likely gather information from different scenarios rather than just one situation in order to attribute a cause to certain behaviour. Despite the amount of research conducted towards the attributional process undertaken by people, there are errors when we try to attribute causes to behaviour. These are important because they allow psychologists to gain further understanding towards the complex web of reasons of attributions made. One of the major errors in attribution is the fundamental attribution error. This is when people overestimate the role of dispositional factors and undermines situational factors in people’s behaviour. Social psychologists believe that this occurrence is due to people’s perception of self and others – people are more likely to see themselves as adaptable beings who are able to act differently depending on circumstances. However, when they judge other people’s behaviour, they are more likely to attribute their behaviour to disposition because there is not enough information for an unbiased decision. A study conducted by Ross, Amabile Steinmetz (1977) investigated the fundamental attribution error in participants who were judging actors performing certain roles. Participants were randomly assigned to a game show as a host, contestants, or the audience. The host was allowed to write their own questions to the show and after the show, the audience was asked to rate the intelligence of the people in the game show. The results showed that even though the participants knew that the host was given permission to write their own questions, they still rated him/her as the one with highest intelligence, a dispositional attribute, which shows that the fundamental attribution error has been committed. This experiment reveals the common presence of the fundamental attribution error and how the social hierarchy can be associated with it because experts in a particular field are usually considered intelligent even in other fields as well. It seems like a key fact that we often commit the fundamental attribution error because we’re mentally lazy as Gilbert Malone (1995) argued since FAE involves a two-step attribution process and for people to draw an inference, FAE happens either due to the lack of cognitive resources for behaviour to be explained, or the second step of conscious processing of information is automatically skipped resulting in incorrect attribution. Our attributions often exhibit another form of error – self serving bias (SSB). This type of error is mostly concerned with our individual desire to maintain self-esteem. Zuckerman (1979) SSB is when we explain the cause of our own successes to dispositional factors and blame failures to situational factors. Unlike FAE, SSB is more concerned with how people tend to explain their own behaviour rather than other people; hence it shows the elaborate attributional processes undertaken by people. The presence of SSB can be seen through a study conducted by Lau and Russell (1980) where they interviewed professional athletes and coaches on their successes and failures in football matches. The results shows that athletes and coaches attribute 80% of their wins to dispositional factors, for example, skills. However their losses are usually attributed to external factors, for example, bad weather. This shows that SSB is apparent in a lot of social settings. Another study conducted by Bernstein, Stephan Davis (1979) on students shows that they often attribute good grades to intelligence whilst attributing bad grades to having a bad teacher. Thus, it seems that just as FAE, SSB is evident in the social context, providing an explanation to people’s behaviour. Nevertheless, attribution theories reveal the intricate reasoning and links for observers to provide a cause their own and other people’s behaviour. For social psychologists, these theories may even lead to other problems that are present in the social world; for example, social categorization and stereotyping etc. In fact, Medcof (1990) suggested that all attribution theories are based around a similar concept; and each theory highlight a different point which furthers the understanding of human behaviour. Thus, Medcof believes that the theories will eventually integrate to become complimenting theories of attribution. In conclusion, it appears that humans have the tendency to become psychologists themselves when they attempt to explain their own and other people’s behaviour as Heider (1958) suggested. The attribution processes undergone are often linked to the amount of cognitive resources they have. Yet, it is important to note that by trying to create a causal relationship between dispositional or situational factors to behaviour, attribution errors become more apparent because of varying factors. Although there are flaws in attribution theories an models, as well as the observed errors in attribution, there is a fundamental concept that all attribution theories adhere to: Thus, as Medcof (1990) suggested, it may be that in the end, rather than having separate theories and models, there will be one integrated theory of how people explain their own and other people’s behaviour.

Othello By Shakespeare Essays (587 words) - Othello,

Othello By Shakespeare In the article, Othello and the pattern of Shakespearean Tragedy, by G.R. Hibbard published in 1968, Hibbard discusses how Othello, by William Shakespeare, stands apart from the rest of the Shakespearean Tragedies. He uses examples from the play to support his thesis of how the tragic pattern in Othello is very much different from that of the others. I agree with Hibbard's view on Othello and it's unique characteristics that set it apart from the traditional pattern of Shakespearean tragedies. Hibbard wrote his article using supporting points to show how Othello is set apart from the other plays. He describes the unrealistic events surrounding Othello being sent to Cyprus, where he is allowed to bring his new wife. Hibbard write that Iago's only goal in the play is to ruin Othello's life and does not want more political or military power, as in the other plays but wishes only to destroy all that is good and beautiful. All the other plays have plots where the events in the public follow the pattern of the events of the antagonist this is missing in Othello. "The pattern of the tragedy is a whirlpool, with its center in the poisoned mind of the hero which reshapes, distorts, and degrades objective reality." Unlike in the other Shakespearean tragedies Othello does not know the antagonist until the end of the play when it is too late to realize what has occurred. The ending of Othello is also unique, in this case good does not prevail over evil and unlike the other tragedies Othello seeks his own valediction and "the ruin is total". I agree with most of the authors points of discussion in this article. I agree that Othello is sent to Cyprus for the sole purpose of changing the scene to commence Iago's plan and that this is very different from the other plays where there are no such dramatic events that are discarded so quickly (the immediate sinking of the Turkish fleet). I see the ?whirlpool' pattern the author speaks of where Iago is at the center; this is clearly different from the other tragic plays where the direction is clear and straightforward. Unlike in MacBeth, or Romeo and Juliet, Othello does not know the antagonist until the end, I agree with this point because throughout the play it is clear that Othello trusts Iago completely and disbelieves any evidence that contradicts what he is saying. I also agree with Hibbard's point that in other Shakespearean tragedies the public events mirror the actions of the antagonist. Hibbard is right in saying that the ending is quite unique with the bodies being left on stage and the others quickly moving through the arrangements of distributing the assets, they learned no lessons as in Romeo and Juliet, they seemed almost unaffected by the deaths. The end was also unique because Othello killed himself, he knew he did wrong and punished himself, this does not occur in other tragedies. Although I support Hibbard in his thesis, I disagree with a few of his supporting arguments. It is true that Iago did want to destroy the lives of both Cassio and Othello, but did this because he felt that he deserved Cassio's position in the military. When Hibbard says, "The ruin is total" I think this is extreme. I feel that evil did not prevail, because Iago's plan did not succeed, neither good nor evil triumphed. In reading Hibbard's article I felt he did a good job at supporting his thesis. He provided the reader with enough information to understand why he chose his thesis and decide whether or not they agree with his points. He used appropriate references to support his ideas and backed up his points with specific events from the play.

PC Vitals for Every Freelance Writer

PC Vitals for Every Freelance Writer PC Vitals for Every Freelance Writer PC Vitals for Every Freelance Writer By Colin If you’ve never experienced the horror of a computer screen turning stark blue and displaying garbled characters while you are working on it, then lucky you. My advice is to never take things for granted. Computers have a nasty habit of hiding their internal illnesses until it’s too late, by telling you one thing when they mean another, or by playing tricks on your mind. If, however, you have experienced this scenario, you won’t need me to remind you of the blood curdling scream that came from your throat, or the moment of rapid pleading with a metal box, or the red mist of anger that followed very soon after. You’ll already know what it’s like to have your PC, something you came to think of as a friend, get up and desert you just like that. It’s every writer’s worst nightmare. But it is avoidable. Here are a few tips to help keep your PC in tip-top shape, and to spot those all important warning signs that not everything is as it should be. Only Install What You Need Don’t install software you will probably never use. It only takes up room, and makes unnecessary entries into the computer’s registry, which over time, slows it down considerably. When you do install software, always keep a copy of the installation executable, and always keep this updated at regular intervals. If you ever find you have to start again and rebuild your PC, or even get a new one, you will be able to get back to where you were relatively easily. Make a regular point of going through the installed programs list in the Control Panel and removing what you rarely use. Hard Drive Maintenance Your PC comes with a disk defragmenter and surface scanner – use them regularly. The disk defragmenter will reorganize the data on your hard drive, to ensure faulty sectors are either repaired or removed. This process also optimizes your system to run software faster. The surface scanner checks for physical errors that can then be repaired, or give you warning that something more serious might be on the cards, and that action should be taken. Keep Your Anti-Virus Software Updated There’s a multitude of subscription and free anti-virus software products on the market, so the modern freelance writer can have no reason for not having some form or protection on his PC. Scan For Malware And Adware Regularly Along with anti virus software, these utilities keep your system free from the full spectrum of ware’isms, to the risk of data theft. There are several free products available in the Internet that do this job wonderfully, which no serious freelance writer should be without. Remove All Crap CCleaner is a highly recommended tool to remove the crap that builds up in a PC over time. It quickly and easily rids your machine of unwanted cookies, temporary files, logs, and installation garbage, clearing up space, and ensuring integrity. CCleaner is also excellent at keeping your system registry in tip-top shape, by scanning for obsolete entries, missing links and files, and removing them after taking a backup. Keep Regular Backups Perhaps the most important thing a writer can, and should, do regularly. If you take nothing else from this article, you should at least take heed of this section, the importance of which cannot be stressed enough. Should you lose your PC to internal failure, you can always buy another one. But if that failure means the loss of the directory called â€Å"All My Writing,† and you have taken no backups, your life is over. There’s no excuse for not backing up regularly. Once per month is not enough – it should be done at least once per week minimum, and daily if you have works in progress. Whether you back the whole lot up onto a DVD in one go, or do it file by file because your system still uses 4.5† floppy disks DO IT! You will never forgive yourself if the worst happens. Watch for Warning Signs PCs often give off subtle warnings that a failure is impending, so it would be useful to be able to recognize them. Should you spot any of the following, take immediate backups of everything, and start running checks. At Boot Up Watch for any difference in the start-up messages as your PC boots up, such as hardware not being located, registry information missing, control, or system file errors, etc. Listen for strange noises coming from the hard drive as it gets going. Squeaks, groans, or moans can indicate something is wrong. Keep an eye on the boot-up time. Is it getting slower or does it appear to be struggling? If so, do a back up and run your checks. While In Use Have you noticed applications taking a while to load up, or when in use, are they running slower, hanging for no reason, or closing down unexpectedly? Don’t leave it until it dies before doing something about it. Does your hard drive go through periods of seemingly intense use when nothing is happening? Watch the CPU and make sure it’s not being over-used – a larger issue could be unfolding. At Shutdown Does the machine take a while to shut down? Does it hang while closing down, leaving you to pull the plug to shut it down for the night? Are there any spurious messages on the screen? Any of these things could indicate there is a problem. The rule of thumb if you spot a potential problem is to take a backup, then get it checked out. When To Do All Of This Daily – Incremental backups on all WIPs, checks on PC running stability. Weekly – AV quick scan, ad/malware quick scan, crap clean, full backup of all data. Monthly – AV deep scan, ad/malware deep scan, full backup of the entire system (data and applications). Staying on top of your PC’s integrity can save a freelance writer much embarrassment, time, and money – even his career. Don’t be a fool and fall into the â€Å"it will never happen to me† trap, because when you start thinking like that, the chances are you’re next. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for Money40 Fish Idioms7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Expressions in Canadian Native Studies by Ron Laliberte Assignment

Expressions in Canadian Native Studies by Ron Laliberte - Assignment Example In Aboriginal studies, the studies revolve around an ethical approach and the call of the Aboriginal people for justice. For example, the protocols governing native studies revolve around how elders get addressed, how to listen to them and the names used when talking about the community (Laliberte, 2000). The outcome is that it proves that there are places where native studies present the best of a university system. In Canada, Native studies relate to part of a broader process and challenges posed by the existence of the first nations. The studies provide the Aboriginal students with the knowledge and experience necessary for assisting Aboriginal communities to realize their potential. As a result, the community gets a mechanism which helps other Aboriginal students to gain access to post-secondary institutions (Laliberte, 2000). It makes the teaching and learning of Native studies an intellectual challenge and experience. Through native studies, the Aboriginal community’s history, culture, and experiences are noticeable to other communities in other parts of the world (Laliberte, 2000). Hence, for the world to hear the call of Aboriginal people, the native studies will provide the gateway for new social and material structures. In Peter Kulchyski’s article on Native studies, he goes to great lengths to show the importance of such studies in contemporary Canada. According to Kulchyski, it is extremely important to give credit to elders in the Aboriginal community (Laliberte, 2000). The illustrations of some of his statements are most notable on page 19 of the article. In page 19, he asserts that Elders in the Aboriginal communities are the key to helping the community understand all about life issues. By giving credit to elders, it is the only way that the names of knowledgeable people in the community can take place beside the names of other people from non-native communities in scholarly practice.

Sales management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Sales management - Essay Example This is because the manager desires or wants to recruit the right people, as it is their responsibility to increase sales where they can through supporting their goods and services2. Therefore, selecting and recruiting the right person in an organization has a significant number of benefits. In order to ensure this, the sales people should be in a position to define the culture of the organization, develop detailed description of the task, establish an employment conduct contract, as well as creating screening process. Thus, through an interview, which is one of the approaches employed by managers in selecting and recruiting sales people, the manager gets prospect to have adequate background information on the preferred candidate. Interviews are vital because it leads to benefits such as, it is less expensive, it is easy to carry out, it leads to reduced turnover, and may inhibit stealing or ferocity in an organization. According to studies, even the most competent applicants require training. Nevertheless, an effective recruitment and selection procedure moderates the quantity of time the manager will have to capitalize in the new worker3. On the contrary, by selecting a person who is fits greatly for the position except that he or she lacks some of the practical abilities to perform the task, it is vital for the manager to invest in their training. This is because it will lead top great or significant outcomes in the end. It is always easy to train a person in accomplishing precise works; it is much difficult to train soft skills such as reliability and flexibility. Therefore, the process of recruitment and selecting is quite essential for any organization because it helps in reducing time and resources spend on training the new worker. Recruitment and selection leads to job gratification4. This is especially achieved by the selection of the right sales people for the job because of their capability to work independently. In most cases, workers who are not se lf-inspired or self-organized drain the team, the management, as well as the organization as a whole. In addition, in case the selected individual does not fit the vacant position, may decide to quit, forcing the manager to start again the whole procedure of recruitment and selection. This therefore implies that selecting the right candidate for the job results into greater experience of job gratification and extreme levels of inspiration within an organization. Recruitment and selection of the sales people leads to prevention of problems within an organization. As it is the rule, section process enables the manager to make decision concerning the specific skills he is pursuing in a worker5. This makes it possible for the employer to focus the interviewing and selection procedure to individuals with those abilities or skills. Accordingly, the process of recruitment and selection enables the manager to view some of the strengths his or he present employees are lacking6. This will mak e the manager chose the right candidate for the position of the sales people, thus avoiding problems that may occur because of the wrong decisions. Furthermore, problems could be avoided by giving the current workers an opportunity to recommend individuals suitable for the position. According to statistics, worker recommendations are the most prevalent and

Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Essay Example for Free

Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Essay The problem associated with this case is whether or not the company should introduce a new energy beverage brand into the market. If a profitable market opportunity exists for the company to enter the energy beverage market the next step would be to identify a target market and marketing mix along with a product line and brand positioning. The best opportunity for the company to gain market share is to target adult energy drinkers from ages 35 to 54 since none of the competitors are catering towards this segment. Bottlers, distributors, and retailers are unlikely to produce and stock more than two SKUs of a new energy drink brand so it would be best to introduce a regular 16ounce single-serve package that consists of two different flavors. Since regular energy beverages hold 80% share of the market selecting regular is best, and since the 16ounce energy drinks represent 50% of case sales in convenience stores and want a high turnover to maintain prevalence in convenience stores its best to go with a 16ounce size. Also having two different flavors to choose from will help increase chance of trial rather than have only one flavor and have regular and sugar free or have one flavor and two different sizes. In positioning the brand the company should differentiate the energy drink from competitors by basis of packaging and select the 16.9ounce single-serve aluminum bottle with a resealable screw cap, and also by ingredients in having lower carbohydrates in the formulation. The energy brand should be distributed to all types of off-premise retailers where beverages are sold for maximum sales. The company’s U.S. media expenditure should be $12.6 million, equal to that of Tag Energy’s U.S. media expenditure which lead to a 2.3% dollar market share, because Tag Energy was also new to the energy beverage market and targeted to a certain demographic the company should experience a similar result. The manufacturer’s suggested retail selling price should be $2.29. Higher than the average $2.00 per single-serve because of it’s unique  point of difference – lower carbohydrates and aluminum bottle with resealable screw cap. Market sales potential for the company’s target market is equal to $1.608 (Exhibit 1) billion and market sales forecast is equal to $133.202 million (Exhibit 2). With a retail trade margin equal to 40% the company’s selling price to retailers would be $.961 (Exhibit 3). Thus from the market sales forecast of $133.202 million the company would receive $79.921 million in revenue, and with the company’s contribution margin of 30% total profit would be equal to $22.378 million (Exhibit 4).

Novelty Never Lasts :: essays research papers

Novelty Never Lasts One thing I have recently begun to learn in life is that the novelty of anything, given a little bit of time, no matter how fascinating or unusual it was at first, usually wears off quicker than one would prefer. I have found this to apply to nearly everything I have experienced in my life, and a frightening term comes to mind. "jaded." At least it should be frightening to a mere seventeen year old, with so much left to do in life. I am more than confident that this is just a passing phase, but nonetheless I have discovered how quickly the novelty of certain things can wear off from the experience I have had in the jobs I have held and from the repeated action of doing anything that I find enjoyable on a regular basis. Through the jobs I have held both at a local pizza restaurant and movie theater, I have found that any novelty that pizza and movies once had is no longer there. I can easily remember back before my first job at the pizzeria when I savored the opportunity to eat pizza as often as I could. Now, thanks to the fact that I ate pizza almost every time I worked during that year, pizza just doesn't taste that good anymore. Whenever my family orders a pizza for dinner, I really don't look forward to it as much as I used to. Instead, I just shrug it off, "Pizza, big deal, what else do we have to eat?" This same loss of appreciation has happened with my second job as well. I have been working at Sony Theater's Palace Nine for about four months now, and I can easily say that I don't really enjoy an outing to the movies as much as I used to enjoy them. Probably because I see them all for free now, but mostly because I know exactly how the movie theater works, I no longer experience the same thrill about going to the movies that I once did. I know all the ins and outs of the business I need to, and I am no longer fascinated by the movie theater industry. I find this loss of appreciation unfortunate to say the least, but at least I was making some money in the process. I have also found that novelty can wear off through the repeated action of doing anything that I find enjoyable on a regular basis. A couple examples of this would be billiards and traveling. Last year, my friends and I would Novelty Never Lasts :: essays research papers Novelty Never Lasts One thing I have recently begun to learn in life is that the novelty of anything, given a little bit of time, no matter how fascinating or unusual it was at first, usually wears off quicker than one would prefer. I have found this to apply to nearly everything I have experienced in my life, and a frightening term comes to mind. "jaded." At least it should be frightening to a mere seventeen year old, with so much left to do in life. I am more than confident that this is just a passing phase, but nonetheless I have discovered how quickly the novelty of certain things can wear off from the experience I have had in the jobs I have held and from the repeated action of doing anything that I find enjoyable on a regular basis. Through the jobs I have held both at a local pizza restaurant and movie theater, I have found that any novelty that pizza and movies once had is no longer there. I can easily remember back before my first job at the pizzeria when I savored the opportunity to eat pizza as often as I could. Now, thanks to the fact that I ate pizza almost every time I worked during that year, pizza just doesn't taste that good anymore. Whenever my family orders a pizza for dinner, I really don't look forward to it as much as I used to. Instead, I just shrug it off, "Pizza, big deal, what else do we have to eat?" This same loss of appreciation has happened with my second job as well. I have been working at Sony Theater's Palace Nine for about four months now, and I can easily say that I don't really enjoy an outing to the movies as much as I used to enjoy them. Probably because I see them all for free now, but mostly because I know exactly how the movie theater works, I no longer experience the same thrill about going to the movies that I once did. I know all the ins and outs of the business I need to, and I am no longer fascinated by the movie theater industry. I find this loss of appreciation unfortunate to say the least, but at least I was making some money in the process. I have also found that novelty can wear off through the repeated action of doing anything that I find enjoyable on a regular basis. A couple examples of this would be billiards and traveling. Last year, my friends and I would

Business Communications Final Exam Questions & Answers Essay

1. Briefly describe any one of the communication models discussed in the textbook and/or lecture Lasswell’s (1948) model describes communication as a one-way transmission of messages. The model shows the ‘who’ as the ‘source’, the ‘what’ as the message, the ‘how’ as the channel, the ‘whom’ as the destination and the ‘effect’ as the outcome. 2. Describe three of the of the tests you can use to enable ethical decision-making Are we rationalising: Identify if you are rationalising, that is justifying your reasons with excuses such as: Everybody is doing it It’s not illegal They did it to me If I don’t do it someone else will The golden rule: Treat others as you would want to be treated If you wouldn’t like a particular action or behaviour to happen to you, then don’t do it to others Publicity test: After making a decision, it would then be publicised for anyone to see or read about such as family, friends etc. If you are happy and confident in what you have done and do not feel any guilt then it is a good test to use, if not, then the decision was not ethical. 3. What is the role of ‘I’ statements in the communication process? Illustrate with an example I’ statements are a way of sharing emotions and letting others know how their behaviour is perceived and how it affects you. One of the most effective  ways to begin assertive statements is to say ‘I feel †¦ when †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ For example, the message may be: ‘I feel annoyed when you don’t let me know you will be late.’ People can express their needs and wants with an ‘I’ message. It shows their personal involvement plus a willingness to share their feelings. It also lets them own their own reactions. 4. Identify and explain the three techniques of persuasion as outlined in the textbook Three techniques: Rhetorical mix Features-benefits mix Appeals to emotion Rhetorical mix: Persuasion involves careful framing of arguments and a mixture of the three types of rhetorical appeal. Good communicators have the ability to use and combine the three types of appeal appropriate to the audience, subject matter and context. logos, or the appeal to logic (price, variety, product information) pathos, or the appeal to the emotions (entertainment potential of the website, sensory appeal through audio/visuals, intuitiveness of navigation and the extent to which the website can be personalised for users) ethos, or appeal to credibility (privacy and security, corporate image and branding). Features–benefits mix The features–benefits mix is a technique of persuasion that incorporates a mixture of a product or service’s features and benefits into the message to show the audience the real benefits. The message must stress the benefits in order to focus on the receiver’s need and enable the receiver to see the relevance of the features and benefits to them. The message has two essential components: features of a product or service, and a clear and concise illustration of how to apply these features linkage of the features with the benefits to enable the receiver to understand ‘what’s in it for me’ Appeals to emotion Appeals to emotion are ideas targeted towards the emotions, needs or values that the reader or listener is likely to care about. Fair appeals to emotion generate emotions based on facts and related to the issue. In contrast, unfair appeals to emotion generate emotions based on unsubstantiated claims and aroused by biased words rather than solid evidence or by fallacies such as red herrings or by personal attacks unrelated to the issue. Appeals to emotion balanced with logic persuade fairly and ethically; however, appeals to emotion are often misused either intentionally or unintentionally. When used improperly, emotional appeals offer a simple unthinking reaction rather than a reasoned argument and manipulate through prejudice, fear, embarrassment or other feelings rather than convince credibly. Example 5. Define the concept of emotional intelligence. Discuss the role emotional intelligence plays in building relationships and improving performance at work. Define: the abilities to recognise and regulate emotions in ourselves and others. Discuss: Emotionally intelligent people are responsive to others and able to use their own personal and social competence to express their expectations and values. Researchers have concluded that success is related to more than general intelligence (IQ). Successful people are emotionally intelligent. They have the personal and social competence to develop positive personal, social and work relationships, and to interact easily. Emotional intelligence influences organisational effectiveness in a number of areas: employee recruitment and retention, development of talent, teamwork, employee commitment, morale and health, innovation, productivity, efficiency, sales, revenue, quality of service, customer loyalty, client or student outcomes. 6. Briefly explain the difference between macro-culture and micro-culture including examples for each The macro-culture comprises all the arts, beliefs and institutions (legal,  governmental, business, educational and social) that characterise an ethnic group, race or nation, while a narrower micro-culture exists within the macro-culture. The micro-culture includes the characteristic attitudes and behavior operating within a group, an organisation or a nation. Macroculture usually consists of the culture which influences the majority of the people. In United States, macroculture reflects to the traditions of Western Europe. An example of a micro-culture could be the aboriginal community within the larger Australian community. 7. Describe the characteristics of Hall’s context model of culture Hall’s context model demonstrates that communication and culture are not only about words. Not just text, but context. It explains how context can be measured and that there are two extremes – low and high High context: A culture in which the context of communicated messages is as important as the communicated message Low context: A culture in which the context of communicated messages is not as important as the communicated message itself 8. Define the terms ‘enculturation’ and acculturation’ and explain how they differ. Provide examples for each of the terms Enculturation is the socialisation process that we go through as we learn about and adapt to our society Examples: unconscious (as we absorb and imitate the daily habits, speech patterns and roles of our parents from infancy) or deliberate (as we are taught specific manners for greeting people, religious rites and rituals, and reading the Bible, Koran, Torah or other literature). Acculturation is the process of cultural adjustment and adaptation people experience as they move from one culture to another. Example: Adopting a culture’s values, symbols and behaviour. Moving to another country and adapting to their customs whilst maintaining your traditions from back home. Differ: Enculturation and Acculturation both involve adapting to society however acculturation is not an unconscious or deliberate process and mainly occurs when introduced to a new culture or environment. 9. What is cultural diversity? Why is it important for people to study diversity as they prepare to enter their career? Cultural diversity is the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole. It is important that people study diversity as they prepare to enter their career because people can then accommodate differences in the background, perspectives and family responsibilities of other employees, and gather knowledge from the diversity of perspectives to generate new ideas and ways of doing things. It is also important, as they will already have acknowledged that the workplace is diverse and also respect other colleagues of their customs and cultural beliefs. This in turn prevents any form of discrimination, and judgement. 10. Hofstede’s five†dimensional model of culture has substantial potential for aiding our understanding of individual cultures and for comparing cultures. What are the five dimensions in the model? Briefly explain any one of the dimensions. Five Dimensions Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs. Femininity Long-term vs. Short-Term Orientation Uncertainty Avoidance Defines the extent to which members of a culture feel nervous about, or are threatened by, situations they perceive as ambiguous, unclear or unstructured. People in high-uncertainty cultures: Are risk averse Maintain strict codes of behaviour Establish more formal rules Tend to be resistant to change. People in low-uncertainty cultures: Take more risks Require fewer structures Are more informal and relaxed Are willing to accept change.

Teens And Their Effects On Children Essay - 2138 Words

Teens face many pressures that adults don’t take seriously. Their bodies are changing-they have to adjust to the new person they see in the mirror. They feel different and become interested in sex. Self-doubt is constant. They feel pressure to conform and fear radicle if they don’t. In the United States, every year Nearly 300,000 girls between the ages of 15 and 19 give birth and almost three percent of girls in that same age group, however, a third of them would not earn a diploma or a GED by age 22. By age 30 less than two percent will earn a college degree. Some of their babies are more likely to do poorly in school, have health problems, suffer from child abuse, and may even end up in jail, unemployed and may be teen parents themselves. This may be a continuing cycle of poverty and trauma that can last from generations to generations. Parents have far more influence over instilling values in their teens than any other persons; your input can make all the diffe rence! We can only achieve this aims through implementing appropriate sex education that covers safe sexual practice and use of contraception, abstinence or delay of sexual initiation, with the use of training in decision making and negotiating skills. The federal government, state, district, communities, parent, school administrators and teacher need to come together and plan how to resolve this epidemic. Education of these adolescent at all level is very important,Show MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy And Its Effect On Children855 Words   |  4 PagesTeen pregnancy has been an ongoing social issue in the United States for many of years. Although the rate of teen pregnancy has decreased since the 90s, the United States is still the highest among industrialized nations. The US ranks at one and a half times higher than Great Britain, three times higher than Canada, seven times higher than Denmark and Sweden, and eight times higher than Japan (Azar 1). 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Children of divorced pare nts are prone to lifelong effects. Seventy-five to eighty percent of children have divorced parents and twenty-five percent of those children have serious social, emotional, or psychological problems for the rest of their life. Most adults think that it is best forRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Its Effect On Children865 Words   |  4 PagesAt the time I did not understand what she meant, but after my years in high school it all made sense. I, like many other teens, would gain knowledge on relationships and sexuality. In this country teen pregnancy has high increase in minorities, one of the main reasons why the population is expanding. It is through proper knowledge of sexuality and protection that female teens are able to prevent pregnancy. Coming from a family of immigrants, I have many life goals. I always enjoyed school andRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Children845 Words   |  4 PagesData has shown that children who are born to teenagers are instantly placed at a higher risk of physical development, social, and behavioral problems. For instance, one-third of pregnant teens (15-19) receives no prenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy; this number has increased to 50% for girls under 15. Most teens are still developing physically, and mentally this also means they’re much more likely to have premature babies or preterm labor. Preterm and/or low birth weight babiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Cyberbullying On Children And Teens1568 Words   |  7 Pageshuman being. It is a growing issue around the entire world that is causing many children and teens to experience depression, low self-esteem, and in some extreme cases suicide. Since cyberbullying is becoming more of an issue, some schools around the world have been enforcing rules to stop cyberbullying. 88% teens who use social media have seen someone be disrespectful to another individual. â€Å"It is no secret that teens are now spending more time than ever on social networking sites and due to thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Mothers On Children1319 Words   |  6 Pagesfrustration in school, and behavioral issues. Children who begin school behind usually end up repeating a grade or dropping out. EVIDENCE BASED INTERVENTIONS 7 Children living in poverty have fewer toys and a less educationally stimulating environment, giving them less informal learning experiences (Evans, Kim, 2013). Involvement in child welfare Research indicates that teen mothers, due to the fact that they are notRead More The Effects of Teen Pregnancy on Children Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many obstacles for children of teenage mothers to face. These children have serious disadvantages in contrast to those children who come from nuclear families. Often they lack a father figure, have a high poverty rate, and there are incidents of depression and mental health problems. Many people are blaming the sex education programs in schools and the additional federal aid being offered to single parents as major causes for the country’s high rate of teen pregnancies (Carole). AlthoughRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Young Children And Teens1751 Words   |  8 PagesChildren and the Media In today’s society, the media has a strong effect on young children and teens. Kids and the media tend to be an ongoing concern. Young kids in our society tend to overdose on the television, music, and video games. The media’s presence in children’s lives is very pervasive. Television, which once controlled children’s media utilization habits, is now merged with video games, cell phones, computers, and other connected devices. As a result, children are fully submerged in theRead MoreThe Effects Of Teens On Children s Life Essay951 Words   |  4 Pages Teens need to sleep more than bear who need to hibernate during winter for their own health. Teens need to sleep about 8 to 10 hours of sleep to function best and most teens do not get enough sleep study found that only 15 % do not sleep during school night. Teens natural sleep cycle puts them in conflict with school start times and most high school students need an alarm clock or a parent to wake them on school days. Teen are like zombies when they are getting ready for school and some teen find